How to Treat Mycoplasmosis in Chickens – Ultimate Guide?

If you notice your chicken is sneezing, wheezing, or shows signs of eye swelling and lethargy, then you shouldn’t ignore.

It might be battling a respiratory infection known as Mycoplasmosis.

This disease can quietly sweep through a flock, lingering for weeks or months, often leaving behind permanent carriers.

While it may not always be deadly, it compromises flock health and productivity—and once it enters your coop, it’s hard to eliminate entirely.

But don’t panic. With the right approach—treatment, supportive care, and preventive practices—you can manage Mycoplasmosis and protect your flock from future outbreaks.

What Is Mycoplasmosis in Chickens?

Mycoplasmosis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae.

It primarily affects a chicken’s respiratory system but can also impact joints and reproductive health.

This disease spreads easily through direct contact, airborne droplets, and contaminated surfaces. Even infected hens can pass it to chicks through eggs, making control difficult.

Chickens that recover may still carry the bacteria and infect others during stress. That’s why early detection, isolation, and good biosecurity are critical in managing the disease.

Signs and Symptoms of Mycoplasmosis in Chickens

Mycoplasmosis in chickens causes respiratory issues like coughing, nasal discharge, and swollen eyes. It can also lead to reduced egg production, lethargy, joint swelling, and poor growth in young birds.

1. Respiratory Symptoms

The most common and noticeable signs of Mycoplasmosis are respiratory issues. Chickens may start sneezing or coughing, sometimes producing a crackling or “snick” sound while breathing. These sounds often become more frequent in the early morning or during cooler parts of the day.

You might also observe nasal discharge—ranging from clear to thick and sticky—as well as open-mouth breathing or gurgling sounds. Infected birds may stretch their necks while trying to breathe more easily, especially if the airways are severely inflamed.

2. Swollen Eyes and Sinuses

One of the hallmark signs of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is swelling around the eyes or sinuses. Chickens can develop puffy eyelids, watery or foamy eyes, and sometimes even crusty build-up that causes one or both eyes to seal shut.

Swelling often starts on one side of the face and can spread if left untreated. In more advanced cases, birds may appear partially blind or disoriented due to impaired vision caused by the eye discharge or inflammation.

3. Drop in Egg Production

Hens infected with Mycoplasmosis may lay fewer eggs, or stop laying altogether. The quality of eggs might also decrease, with thinner shells or irregular shapes.

This drop in production is usually tied to stress on the body as it fights the infection. In flocks where Mycoplasma is present long-term, reduced laying can become a chronic issue unless the flock is stabilized and managed carefully.

4. Lethargy and Weakness

Sick chickens will often isolate themselves, move slowly, and appear fluffed up. They may spend more time resting or lying down and may not show interest in food, water, or normal social activities.

This weakness results from both the infection and the toll it takes on the bird’s respiratory system, especially if breathing becomes difficult. In younger birds, this can lead to stunted growth and poor weight gain.

Also Read: Why Is My Chicken Limping and Laying Down?

5. Joint Pain and Lameness (with Mycoplasma synoviae)

If Mycoplasma synoviae is involved, you may notice swollen hock joints and visible signs of lameness. Affected chickens may limp, avoid walking, or hold one leg up while sitting.

In severe cases, joints may become warm, tender, and filled with fluid, limiting the bird’s mobility. If untreated, joint infections can lead to permanent deformities or chronic pain.

6. Poor Growth in Chicks and Pullets

In younger birds, Mycoplasmosis can interfere with growth and development. Chicks may fail to thrive, remain small for their age, and struggle to compete for food.

Even if symptoms seem mild, these birds can become long-term carriers and spread the infection to others, making it critical to identify and isolate them early in life.

How to Treat Mycoplasmosis in Chickens?

Chickens with Mycoplasmosis can be treated and supported through recovery—but it’s important to know that this disease cannot be completely cured.

Birds that recover may still carry the bacteria and infect others later, especially during times of stress. The focus of treatment is on managing symptoms, reducing spread, and improving quality of life.

With quick action, proper care, and expert guidance from a veterinarian, you can help your chickens recover and keep the rest of the flock safe. Let’s explore the best steps to take.

1. Isolate Sick Birds Immediately

As soon as a chicken shows signs like sneezing, foamy eyes, or labored breathing, move it to a separate area. Mycoplasmosis spreads rapidly, so isolation is essential to protect the healthy birds.

  • Place the bird in a clean, quiet space away from the rest of the flock.
  • Use separate feeders and water containers.
  • Always handle sick birds last to avoid cross-contamination.

2. Consult a Veterinarian Promptly

Do not attempt to medicate on your own. It’s crucial to contact a veterinarian who can properly diagnose the illness and determine the best course of action.

A poultry vet may suggest:

  • Laboratory tests (such as PCR swabs or blood samples) to confirm the disease.
  • Prescription medications tailored to the severity of the case.
  • Guidance on supportive care, environmental management, and when to return the bird to the flock.

Veterinary guidance ensures you’re not misusing medication and helps prevent resistance issues or improper dosing.

Also Read: How to Treat Bumblefoot in Chickens Naturally?

3. Provide Strong Supportive Care

While awaiting or following veterinary guidance, focus on strengthening the bird’s immune system and easing symptoms.

Nutrition and Hydration

Offer a high-quality, protein-rich feed to help the bird recover. If the bird isn’t eating, try soft foods like warm soaked pellets, mashed boiled eggs, or oatmeal.

Vitamins and Electrolytes

Add poultry-specific vitamins to drinking water, especially those rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin E, and Selenium. Electrolytes help maintain hydration and energy levels during recovery.

Comfortable Environment

Keep the bird warm, dry, and away from drafts. Ensure good ventilation without excessive dust and change bedding frequently to maintain a clean recovery space.

4. Maintain a Stress-Free Environment

Stress can trigger flare-ups in infected birds and weaken the immune system in healthy ones. To minimize stress:

  • Avoid overcrowding.
  • Maintain a stable temperature in the coop.
  • Handle chickens gently and avoid loud noises or disruptions.
  • Don’t introduce new birds until the flock is stable and healthy.

5. Thoroughly Clean and Disinfect

Even after symptoms improve, disinfecting the environment is crucial to avoid reinfection.

  • Clean feeders, waterers, and perches with poultry-safe disinfectants.
  • Remove and replace soiled bedding.
  • Wash your hands, boots, and clothes after handling sick birds to prevent spread.

6. Monitor the Entire Flock

Even if just one bird shows symptoms, others may be infected or incubating the disease. Watch for subtle signs in the rest of the flock—mild sneezing, swollen eyes, or sudden changes in egg laying.

Early detection in others can help prevent a larger outbreak and give you time to act before symptoms worsen.

7. Consider Long-Term Management or Culling

Some birds become chronic carriers, meaning they may seem healthy but still carry and spread the bacteria. If you have repeated outbreaks or plan to breed chickens, talk to your vet about whether culling is the best long-term decision.

For small backyard flocks not used for breeding, many keepers choose to manage and monitor carrier birds under strict biosecurity.

How Does Mycoplasmosis Spread?

Mycoplasmosis spreads through airborne droplets when chickens sneeze or cough, and by direct contact between infected and healthy birds. Shared feeders, waterers, and equipment can also carry the bacteria.

It can pass from infected hens to their chicks through eggs, a process known as vertical transmission. Even caretakers can unknowingly spread it on their clothing and shoes between coops.

Also Read: Marek’s Disease in Chickens: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

How to Prevent Mycoplasmosis in Chickens?

Prevention is always easier and more effective than treatment. Here’s how to keep your coop Mycoplasma-free:

Practice Strong Biosecurity

Limit who and what enters your coop to avoid introducing infections. Always wash your hands, change footwear, and disinfect tools between flocks.

Quarantine New Birds

Isolate any new chickens for at least 30 days before mixing them with your flock. This helps catch hidden infections like Mycoplasma early.

Control Wild Birds and Rodents

Cover vents and feeders to keep wild birds and pests out of your coop. They can carry and spread Mycoplasma without showing signs.

Keep the Coop Clean and Ventilated

Regular cleaning and good airflow help prevent buildup of dust and bacteria. Avoid damp bedding and overcrowding, which stress chickens and lower immunity.

Source Chicks from Mycoplasma

Buy chicks or hatching eggs from certified Mycoplasma-free breeders. This reduces the risk of starting your flock with infected birds.

Can I eat eggs from chickens with Mycoplasmosis?
Yes, eggs from infected chickens are safe to eat as long as the bird isn’t on antibiotics. Always observe the withdrawal period before consuming eggs.

How long does treatment take?
Most antibiotics are administered for 5 to 10 days, but supportive care should continue until full recovery—often 2–3 weeks.

Will my flock ever be Mycoplasma-free again?
Not likely, unless all carriers are removed. Even symptom-free birds may harbor the bacteria and re-infect others during stress.

Also Read: What Causes Salmonella in Chickens and How to Prevent It?

Conclusion

Treating Mycoplasmosis in chickens isn’t a one-time fix—it’s a process that involves medical treatment, supportive care, and long-term flock management.

By recognizing the symptoms early, isolating affected birds, and using the right antibiotics, you can help your chickens recover and avoid further spread.

But remember: prevention is always better than cure. If you can keep Mycoplasma out of your flock through quarantine, biosecurity, and careful sourcing, your chickens will have a much better shot at staying healthy, productive, and happy.

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